全文获取类型
收费全文 | 75328篇 |
免费 | 4045篇 |
国内免费 | 3069篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 927篇 |
2022年 | 970篇 |
2021年 | 1562篇 |
2020年 | 1886篇 |
2019年 | 2380篇 |
2018年 | 2197篇 |
2017年 | 1737篇 |
2016年 | 1801篇 |
2015年 | 1845篇 |
2014年 | 3523篇 |
2013年 | 5394篇 |
2012年 | 2616篇 |
2011年 | 3664篇 |
2010年 | 3427篇 |
2009年 | 3406篇 |
2008年 | 3589篇 |
2007年 | 3754篇 |
2006年 | 3260篇 |
2005年 | 3219篇 |
2004年 | 2880篇 |
2003年 | 2553篇 |
2002年 | 2047篇 |
2001年 | 1612篇 |
2000年 | 1353篇 |
1999年 | 1330篇 |
1998年 | 1262篇 |
1997年 | 1160篇 |
1996年 | 1157篇 |
1995年 | 1195篇 |
1994年 | 1170篇 |
1993年 | 1097篇 |
1992年 | 1013篇 |
1991年 | 882篇 |
1990年 | 781篇 |
1989年 | 743篇 |
1988年 | 690篇 |
1987年 | 638篇 |
1986年 | 514篇 |
1985年 | 850篇 |
1984年 | 1134篇 |
1983年 | 749篇 |
1982年 | 886篇 |
1981年 | 717篇 |
1980年 | 630篇 |
1979年 | 537篇 |
1978年 | 342篇 |
1977年 | 338篇 |
1976年 | 286篇 |
1974年 | 202篇 |
1973年 | 194篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 43 毫秒
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
Hyun-Jin Kang Tuong Vy Thi Le Kyungmin Kim Jeonghwan Hur Kyeong Kyu Kim Hyun-Ju Park 《Journal of molecular biology》2014
Both G-quadruplex and Z-DNA can be formed in G-rich and repetitive sequences on genome, and their formation and biological functions are controlled by specific proteins. Z-DNA binding proteins, such as human ADAR1, have a highly conserved Z-DNA binding domain having selective affinity to Z-DNA. Here, our study identifies the Z-DNA binding domain of human ADAR1 (hZαADAR1) as a novel G-quadruplex binding protein that recognizes c-myc promoter G-quadruplex formed in NHEIII1 region and represses the gene expression. An electrophoretic migration shift assay shows the binding of hZαADAR1 to the intramolecular c-myc promoter G-quadruplex-forming DNA oligomer. To corroborate the binding of hZαADAR1 to the G-quadruplex, we conducted CD and NMR chemical shift perturbation analyses. CD results indicate that hZαADAR1 stabilizes the parallel-stranded conformation of the c-myc G-quadruplex. The NMR chemical shift perturbation data reveal that the G-quadruplex binding region in hZαADAR1 was almost identical with the Z-DNA binding region. Finally, promoter assay and Western blot analysis show that hZαADAR1 suppresses the c-myc expression promoted by NHEIII1 region containing the G-quadruplex-forming sequence. This finding suggests a novel function of Z-DNA binding protein as a regulator of G-quadruplex-mediated gene expression. 相似文献
36.
Islands, which provide multiple ecosystem services, are subject to increasing urbanization pressure due to the ongoing marine development, especially in developing countries. Insights into the island urbanization mechanism and its ecological consequences are essential to sustainable development. In the present paper, the satellite images, nighttime lights, and topographic data were integrated to characterize the spatially explicit urbanization process and mechanism during 1995–2011 in the Zhoushan Island, East China. Furthermore, the corresponding spatially explicit changes in ecosystem services, including net primary productivity (NPP), carbon sequestration and oxygen production (CSOP), nutrient cycling, crop production, and habitat quality, were quantified based on the Carnegie–Ames–Stanford Approach (CASA) and Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) models. The results showed that the Zhoushan Island had experienced a rapid urbanization over the years, with significant urban encroachment on the farmland and tidal flat. Moreover, the urban land expansion was positively correlated with that of the nighttime lights and negatively correlated with the elevation, slope, and the distance to shoreline. These indicated that the urban expansion was resulted from the enhancement of socioeconomic activities, and concentrated in the near-shore areas with low altitude and gentle slope. The urban encroachment on other land use types resulted in a decrease of 3.4 Gg C a−1 NPP, 8.7 Gg a−1 CSOP, 13.2 Gg a−1 nutrient cycling, and 12.3 t a−1 crop production, respectively. In addition, the habitat quality in 11% area of this island degraded substantially. Therefore, to achieve sustainable development of islands, it is urgent to implement more stringent policies, such as island spatial regulation, environmental impact assessment, intensive land use, and urban greening, etc. 相似文献
37.
Karlheinz Grillitsch Pablo Tarazona Lisa Klug Tamara Wriessnegger Günther Zellnig Erich Leitner Ivo Feussner Günther Daum 《生物化学与生物物理学报:生物膜》2014
Despite similarities of cellular membranes in all eukaryotes, every compartment displays characteristic and often unique features which are important for the functions of the specific organelles. In the present study, we biochemically characterized the plasma membrane of the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris with emphasis on the lipids which form the matrix of this compartment. Prerequisite for this effort was the design of a standardized and reliable isolation protocol of the plasma membrane at high purity. Analysis of isolated plasma membrane samples from P. pastoris revealed an increase of phosphatidylserine and a decrease of phosphatidylcholine compared to bulk membranes. The amount of saturated fatty acids in the plasma membrane was higher than in total cell extracts. Ergosterol, the final product of the yeast sterol biosynthetic pathway, was found to be enriched in plasma membrane fractions, although markedly lower than in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A further characteristic feature of the plasma membrane from P. pastoris was the enrichment of inositol phosphorylceramides over neutral sphingolipids, which accumulated in internal membranes. The detailed analysis of the P. pastoris plasma membrane is discussed in the light of cell biological features of this microorganism especially as a microbial cell factory for heterologous protein production. 相似文献
38.
《Harmful algae》2015
Marine benthic dinoflagellates within the genus Coolia have been reported to produce natural products, some of which are known to be toxic (i.e., cooliatoxin). To date, five species of Coolia have been reported in tropical and temperate waters around the world; however, very few studies have combined detailed morphological and molecular data with chemical analyses. In this study, a clonal culture of Coolia malayensis was isolated and mass cultivated from a coral reef on the island of Okinawa, Japan. Analysis of the thecal plate morphology and molecular phylogeny from 28S rDNA strongly supported the close relationship between this new isolate of C. malayensis from Okinawa and other isolates of C. malayensis from around the world. Following methanol extraction of 250 L of mass culture, chemical analyses using NanoLiquid chromatography mass spectrometry revealed the mass profiles of water-soluble and ethyl acetate-soluble parts. High-resolution mass spectrometry derived the molecular formulas of three novel disulphated polyether analogs of yessotoxin (C56H78O18S2 1102.4 (Compound 1), C57H80O18S2 1116.4 (Compound 2), and C57H78O19S2 1130.4 (Compound 3)); two potential homologous compounds (Compounds 4 and 5) were also observed on the high-resolution mass, albeit with low signal intensity. The five compounds in the C. malayensis from Okinawa are composed of less oxygen, compared to cooliatoxin and other analogs of yessotoxin, suggesting the metabolites produced by C. malayensis are unique to those previously reported from other strains of Coolia. 相似文献
39.
40.
Makoto Misono 《Molecular Engineering》1993,3(1-3):193-203
First, fundamental properties (structure, acid and redox properties) and advantages of solid polyoxometalate catalysts (catalyst design by acid and redox control, molecularity, unusual reaction field and unique basicity) are explained. Then, the mechanism of alcohol dehydration elucidated by direct observation of reaction intermediates by solid-state NMR and the very high activity of Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 are described. Finally several industrial applications of polyoxometalate catalysts are briefly introduced placing stress on the role of unique chemical properties of polyoxometalates. 相似文献